Otlarda Teri O'smalari (At Sarkoidi)

2024 Muallif: Daisy Haig | [email protected]. Oxirgi o'zgartirilgan: 2023-12-17 03:15

Sarkoid otlari

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Sarkoid - bu otlar, eshaklar va xachirlarning terisida joylashgan o'sma. Bu otlarda uchraydigan eng keng tarqalgan teri neoplaziyalaridan biridir. Bu odatda zararsiz va hayot uchun xavfli emas, ammo mahalliy darajada invaziv bo'lishi mumkin. Sarkoidlar bir necha xil ko'rinishga ega bo'lishi mumkin va ba'zida u qalinlashgan va qonash joyi (yara) ga o'xshab ketishi mumkin, bu esa shifo topganda paydo bo'lishi mumkin. Boshqa teri lezyonlari, masalan, ot papillomasi, sarkoidlar uchun aralashtirilishi mumkin. Biroq, papilloma vaqt o'tishi bilan o'z-o'zidan yo'qoladi, sarkoid kamdan-kam hollarda orqaga qaytadi.

Belgilari va turlari

Tashqi ko'rinishiga qarab sarkoidlarning olti xil tasnifi mavjud.

1. Tugunli sarkoidlar

• Qattiq, ko'tarilgan dumaloq tugunlar
• Diametri 5 - 20 mm
• Odatda niqob / qovoq sohasi va ko'z qovoqlarida

2. Fibroplastik sarkoidlar

• Proliferativ, go'shtli va yarali
• Odatda kasık, pastki oyoq va qovoq bo'ylab

3. Verrikoz sarkoidlar

• Siğilga o'xshash ko'rinish
• Yuz, tana va qorin sohasi bo'ylab har qanday joyda paydo bo'lishi mumkin

4. Gizli yoki tekis sarkoidlar

• Yassi, dumaloq qalinlashgan joylar
• Bundan tashqari, diametri 2 - 5 mm bo'lgan kichik tugunlar kabi ko'rinishi mumkin
• Odatda bo'yin, og'iz, ko'zlar va sonlarning ichki qismida va yuqori old oyoqlarda uchraydi

5. Malevolent sarkoidlar

• Bir nechta tugun shaklida ko'rinadi
• Mahalliy invaziv va vaqti-vaqti bilan mahalliy limfa tizimiga kirib boradi, teri ostidagi kordonlar kabi ko'rinadi

6. Aralash sarkoidlar

• Lezyonlar yuqorida aytib o'tilganlarning aralashmasi sifatida paydo bo'ladi.
• Ushbu tur otda uzoq vaqt yurgan yoki qandaydir travmaga uchragan sarkoidga ko'proq xosdir.

Sabablari

Sarkoidlar uchun aniq bir sabab aniqlanmagan, ammo sigir papillomasi virusi (BPV) potentsial sababchi hisoblanadi. Ikkala BPV turlarining ikkalasi ham otlarda sarkoid kasalligining shakllanishi bilan bog'liq. Tadqiqotlar hali kasallik yuqtirish usulini aniqlamagan, ammo bir nechta nazariyalar mavjud.

Bir nazariya shundan iboratki, ilgari yaralangan teri sarkoidning rivojlanishiga ko'proq moyil bo'ladi. Boshqasi shundaki, chivinlar virusni yuqtirish manbai (vektor) vazifasini bajaradi, chunki ular turli hayvonlarga yaralangan joylarga tushadi. Va boshqalarning fikriga ko'ra, yuqtirgan otlar va boshqa hayvonlar o'rtasida bulg'angan yopishqoq yoki asbob-uskunalarni baham ko'rish virusni yuqtiradi.

Sarkoidlar uchun jinsiy yoki naslga moyilligi haqida ma'lumot yo'q. Shu bilan birga, ushbu o'smalarning 70% dan ortig'i 4 yoshdan kichik bo'lgan otlarda rivojlanadi. Sarkoidlar o'z-o'zidan yoki ba'zida oldingi shikastlanish joyida paydo bo'lishi mumkin.

Tashxis

Veterinariya shifokori shikastlanishlarni faqat o'smalarning ko'rinishi va joylashishi bo'yicha aniqlashi mumkin; ammo ijobiy tashxis qo'yish faqat terining biopsiyasi yordamida amalga oshiriladi. Ba'zi hollarda, veterinariya terisi biopsiyani olishni istamasligi mumkin, chunki bu sarkoidni bezovta qilishi va yomonlashishi mumkin.

Boshqa mumkin bo'lgan terining shikastlanishlarini istisno qilish kerak va sizning veterinaringiz qo'ziqorin infektsiyalari (dermatofitoz) va siğil (papillomalar) kabi boshqa teri kasalliklarini tekshiradi.

Davolash

Sarkoidlarni davolash qiyin va ulardan foydalanish uchun eng yaxshi terapiya mavjud emas. Ba'zi usullar jarrohlik yo'li bilan olib tashlash (eksizyon), muzlatish terapiyasi (kriyoterapiya), lazer bilan davolash, mahalliy kimyoviy terapevtik preparatlar, o'simtaga kimyoviy terapevtik preparatni kiritish, radioto'lqinli terapiya va issiqlik bilan davolashdan iborat. Immunoterapiya ham qo'llanilgan.

O'simtalarning qayta tiklanishi olib tashlanganidan keyin tez-tez uchraydi, ammo ular boshqa saraton kasalliklari (metastaz) kabi ichki organlarga tarqalish tendentsiyasiga ega emas. Takroriy takrorlanish natijasida ba'zilar jarrohlik yo'li bilan olib tashlangan o'simta chekkalari atrofida normal ko'rinadigan teri ichida dam oluvchi (yashirin) virusli komponentni faollashtiradi deb o'ylashadi. Shu sababli, veterinariya mutaxassisi ko'p marta sarkoidni umuman davolashni istamaydi, faqat uni iltihaplanmasa yoki otga og'riq keltirmasa, uni yolg'iz qoldiradi.

Yashash va boshqarish

Ba'zi tadkikotlar shuni ko'rsatadiki, vaksina yoki virusga qarshi davo bu holat uchun bo'lishi mumkin. Bu kelajakda samarali bo'lishini aniqlash uchun qo'shimcha o'rganish kerak. Sarkoidlarni olib tashlash kasallikni nazorat qilishga yordam berishi mumkin, ammo bu kasallikni to'liq davolay olmaydi.

Oldini olish

Hozirda vaktsina yo'qligi sababli, sarkoidlar uchun tijorat profilaktikasi mavjud emas. Biroq, yaralarni boshqarish otlar uchun juda muhimdir, ayniqsa uchish mavsumida.